Year*1 | Group size*2 | Source | Mortality rate*3 | Source | Causes of higher mortality rate | Source | Mature female rate*4 | Source | SSR*5 | Source |
1980 | 88 | [67] | 0.409 | [67] | 0.250 | [67] | ||||
1981 | 95 | ≤ 0.1 | [67] | 0.400 | 0.263 | |||||
1982 | 100 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.380 | 0.237 | ||||||
1983 | 98 | > 0.1, ≤ 0.2 | Unknown | [67], [72] | 0.378 | 0.243 | ||||
1984 | 101 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.356 | 0.278 | ||||||
1985 | 99 | ≤ 0.1 | AIDS-like disease | [67], [68] | 0.374 | 0.297 | ||||
1986 | 90 | > 0.1 | 0.389 | 0.257 | ||||||
1987 | 89 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.371 | 0.242 | ||||||
1988 | 93 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.355 | 0.273 | ||||||
1989 | 84 | > 0.1, ≤ 0.2 | Predation by lions | [67], [69], [73] | 0.369 | 0.323 | ||||
1990 | 80 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.325 | 0.385 | ||||||
1991 | 81 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.358 | 0.310 | ||||||
1992 | 82 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.341 | 0.321 | ||||||
1993 | 76 | > 0.1, ≤ 0.2 | Ful-like disease | [67], [70], [71] | 0.329 | 0.320 | ||||
1994 | 70 | > 0.1, ≤ 0.2 | 0.329 | 0.391 | ||||||
1995 | 62 | 0.2 | Unknown, maybe disease | [67], [72] | 0.339 | 0.286 | ||||
1996 | 47 | > 0.3 | 0.362 | 0.294 | ||||||
1997 | 45 | 0.12 | 0.356 | 0.375 | ||||||
1998 | 50 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.320 | 0.438 | ||||||
1999 | 51 | ≤ 0.1 | 0.314 | 0.438 | ||||||
*1 The all parameters were estimation for one groups at end of the years. | ||||||||||
*2 The number of individuals in unit group (i.e. M group) | ||||||||||
*3 The number of individuals mortality in the years / group size in the previous years | ||||||||||
*4 The number of mature female / group size | ||||||||||
*5 The number of mature male / the number of mature female | ||||||||||
Source: Data includes original variables in these source and calculated variables using these source. | ||||||||||
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[72] Nishida T. (2002) Demographic changes. In: Nishida T., Uehara S. & Kawanaka K. (eds.) The Mahale Chimpanzees: Thirty-seven Years of <Pantropology>. Kyoto University Press, Kyoto. pp. 171-202 (in Japanese) | ||||||||||
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