Population change and demographic parameters in wamba forest |
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Year |
Social situation |
The number of groups |
Population size |
Group size*1 of E1 |
Source |
Mortality rate |
Sources |
Birth rate*2 |
Sources |
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Infants & juveniles (0-7 yrs.) |
Adolescent
males (8-13 yrs.) |
Adults
(>14 yrs.) |
Memo |
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1976 |
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6 |
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18 |
[94], [97] |
0.027 |
0 |
0.006 |
[98] |
0.12 |
Calucurated
from [97] |
Low
frequency provisioning |
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1977 |
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18 |
0.35 |
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1978 |
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19 |
0.47 |
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1979 |
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21 |
0.05 |
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1980 |
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21 |
0.30 |
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1981 |
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21 |
0.14 |
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1982 |
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22 |
0.18 |
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1983 |
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24 |
0.19 |
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1984 |
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25 |
0.36 |
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1985 |
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28 |
0.08 |
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1986 |
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28 |
0.21 |
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1987 |
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32 |
0.056 |
0.083 |
0.05 |
0.19 |
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1988 |
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31 |
0.25 |
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1989 |
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30 |
0.10 |
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1990 |
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27 |
0.28 |
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1991 |
Disorder |
6 |
around 280 |
30 |
0.033 |
0.194 |
0.144 |
0.19 |
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1992 |
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28 |
0.15 |
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1993 |
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22 |
0.17 |
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1994 |
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22 |
0.094 |
0 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
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1995 |
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23 |
0.21 |
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1996 |
First Congo War |
6 |
106 |
19 |
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0.20 |
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1997 |
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1998 |
Second Congo War |
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1999 |
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2000 |
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2001 |
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2002 |
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2003 |
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2004 |
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3 |
around 60 |
17 |
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*1 The group size was recorded on January 1st of each year. |
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*2 The number of birth / the number of mature female the was
identified in E1 and E2 group. |
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Source: |
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[94] Furuichi T. (2004) Current situation of bonobos
endangered. Primate Res. 20: 67-70 (in Japanese) |
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[97] Furuichi T., Hashimoto C., Idani G.,
Ihobe H., Tashiro Y. & Kano T. (1999) Current
situation of studies of bonobo (Pan paniscus) at Wamba, D.R. Congo. Primate
Res. 15: 155-127 (in Japanese) |
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[98] Furuichi T., Idani G., Ihobe H.,
Kuroda S., Kitamura K., Mori A., Enomoto T., Okayasu N., Hashimoto C. &
Kano T. (1998) Population dynamics of wild
bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba. Int. J. Primatol. 19: 1029-1043 |
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