Population change and demographic parameters in wamba forest |
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Year |
Social situation |
The number of groups |
Population size |
Group size*1 of E1 |
Source |
Mortality rate |
Sources |
Birth rate*2 |
Sources |
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Infants & juveniles (0-7 yrs.) |
Adolescent
males (8-13 yrs.) |
Adults
(>14 yrs.) |
Memo |
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1976 |
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6 |
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18 |
[94], [97] |
0.027 |
0 |
0.006 |
[98] |
0.12 |
Calucurated
from [97] |
Low
frequency provisioning |
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1977 |
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18 |
0.35 |
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1978 |
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19 |
0.47 |
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1979 |
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21 |
0.05 |
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1980 |
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21 |
0.30 |
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1981 |
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21 |
0.14 |
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1982 |
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22 |
0.18 |
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1983 |
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24 |
0.19 |
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1984 |
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25 |
0.36 |
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1985 |
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28 |
0.08 |
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1986 |
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28 |
0.21 |
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1987 |
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32 |
0.056 |
0.083 |
0.05 |
0.19 |
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1988 |
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31 |
0.25 |
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1989 |
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30 |
0.10 |
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1990 |
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27 |
0.28 |
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1991 |
Disorder |
6 |
around 280 |
30 |
0.033 |
0.194 |
0.144 |
0.19 |
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1992 |
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28 |
0.15 |
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1993 |
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22 |
0.17 |
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1994 |
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22 |
0.094 |
0 |
0.05 |
0.25 |
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1995 |
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23 |
0.21 |
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1996 |
First Congo War |
6 |
106 |
19 |
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0.20 |
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1997 |
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1998 |
Second Congo War |
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1999 |
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2000 |
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2001 |
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2002 |
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2003 |
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2004 |
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3 |
around 60 |
17 |
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*1 The group size was recorded on January 1st of each year. |
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*2 The number of birth / the number of mature female the was
identified in E1 and E2 group. |
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Source: |
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[94] Furuichi T. (2004) Current situation of bonobos
endangered. Primate Res. 20: 67-70 (in Japanese) |
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[97] Furuichi T., Hashimoto C., Idani G.,
Ihobe H., Tashiro Y. & Kano T. (1999) Current
situation of studies of bonobo (Pan paniscus) at Wamba, D.R. Congo. Primate
Res. 15: 155-127 (in Japanese) |
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[98] Furuichi T., Idani G., Ihobe H.,
Kuroda S., Kitamura K., Mori A., Enomoto T., Okayasu N., Hashimoto C. and
Kano T. (1998) Population dynamics of wild
bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba. Int. J. Primatol. 19: 1029-1043 |
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